/**
     * Execute an action on the controller.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  array   $parameters
     * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response
     */
    public function callAction($method, $parameters)
    {
        return call_user_func_array([$this, $method], $parameters);
    }

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\DispatchesJobs;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;

class Controller extends BaseController
{
    use AuthorizesRequests, DispatchesJobs, ValidatesRequests;

    /**
     * Execute an action on the controller.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  array   $parameters
     * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response
     */
    public function callAction($method, $parameters)
    {
        // beforeAction 不允许抛出异常
        if(method_exists($this,'beforeAction')) {
            call_user_func_array([$this, 'beforeAction'], $parameters);
        }
        $return = null;
        $exception = null;
        try {
            $return = call_user_func_array([$this, $method], $parameters);
        } catch (\Throwable $exception) {
            $exception = $exception;
        }
        // 抛出异常传递到afterAction中
        $parameters[0]->merge(['exception' => $exception]);

        // 在afterAction里处理未完成的数据和异常记录
        if(method_exists($this,'afterAction')) {
            call_user_func_array([$this, 'afterAction'], $parameters);
        }

       return $return;
    }
}

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Demo;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class TestController extends Controller
{

    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        echo 'index action' . "<br>";
        throw new \Exception("index exception");
    }

    public function beforeAction(Request $request)
    {
        //dd($request);
        echo 'before action' . "<br>";
    }

    public function afterAction(Request $request)
    {
        if (strlen($request->input('exception'))) {
            $e = $request->input('exception');
            echo $e->getMessage() . "<br>";
        }
        echo 'after action' . "<br>";
    }
}